MD5

Hash 的一種方式，不可逆，但目前已有算法破解，目前大多用在產生一個獨特可用來比較的雜湊

使用 OpenSSL 產生檔案內容的 MD5 雜湊

如果檔案內容更改，會產生不同雜湊 (digest)

openssl dgst -md5 test.js  
MD5(test.js)= ef361a3afed6b86202340752744cc85c

原理：

//Note: All variables are unsigned 32 bits and wrap modulo 2^32 when calculating
var int[64] r, k

//r specifies the per-round shift amounts
r[ 0..15]：= {7, 12, 17, 22,  7, 12, 17, 22,  7, 12, 17, 22,  7, 12, 17, 22} 
r[16..31]：= {5,  9, 14, 20,  5,  9, 14, 20,  5,  9, 14, 20,  5,  9, 14, 20}
r[32..47]：= {4, 11, 16, 23,  4, 11, 16, 23,  4, 11, 16, 23,  4, 11, 16, 23}
r[48..63]：= {6, 10, 15, 21,  6, 10, 15, 21,  6, 10, 15, 21,  6, 10, 15, 21}

//Use binary integer part of the sines of integers as constants:
for i from 0 to 63
    k[i] := floor(abs(sin(i + 1)) × 2^32)

//Initialize variables:
var int h0 := 0x67452301
var int h1 := 0xEFCDAB89
var int h2 := 0x98BADCFE
var int h3 := 0x10325476

//Pre-processing:
append "1" bit to message
append "0" bits until message length in bits ≡ 448 (mod 512)
append bit length of message as 64-bit little-endian integer to message

//Process the message in successive 512-bit chunks:
for each 512-bit chunk of message
    break chunk into sixteen 32-bit little-endian words w[i], 0 ≤ i ≤ 15

    //Initialize hash value for this chunk:
    var int a := h0
    var int b := h1
    var int c := h2
    var int d := h3

    //Main loop:
    for i from 0 to 63
        if 0 ≤ i ≤ 15 then
            f := (b and c) or ((not b) and d)
            g := i
        else if 16 ≤ i ≤ 31
            f := (d and b) or ((not d) and c)
            g := (5×i + 1) mod 16
        else if 32 ≤ i ≤ 47
            f := b xor c xor d
            g := (3×i + 5) mod 16
        else if 48 ≤ i ≤ 63
            f := c xor (b or (not d))
            g := (7×i) mod 16
 
        temp := d
        d := c
        c := b
        b := leftrotate((a + f + k[i] + w[g]),r[i]) + b
        a := temp
    Next i
    //Add this chunk's hash to result so far:
    h0 := h0 + a
    h1 := h1 + b 
    h2 := h2 + c
    h3 := h3 + d
End ForEach
var int digest := h0 append h1 append h2 append h3 //(expressed as little-endian)

MD5 - 維基百科，自由的百科全書

簡單範例

const crypto = require('crypto');
const name = 'test';
const hash = crypto.createHash('md5').update(name).digest('hex');
console.log(hash);

Node.js 原理實作

https://github.com/pvorb/node-md5/blob/master/md5.js