MongoDB
使用MongoDB
Mongo資料庫 > collection > document
SQL資料庫 > 資料表 > 資料列
使用MongoLab 當練習範例
!!注意,MongoLab於2016二月底改名為mLab,連結的資料庫路徑也改了
https://mlab.com/home
1.先註冊帳號
2.創建資料庫,選地區時記得選擇有免費的
3.創建database內的user
4.創建database內的collection
5.在collection內加入document
如何測試剛創好的資料庫?
使用Robomongo https://robomongo.org/
點選Download,選最下面的免費選項下載
1.下載完後開啟,先點選左上方的create
2.設定一下相關database url、port、username、password(database的,不是你帳戶的)
3.點選左下Test,如成功即可點選save,並進行connect
可參考http://www.codedata.com.tw/database/mongodb-tutorial-1-setting-up-cloud-env/
如何用Node.js連線到mLab?
注意:使用mLab註冊帳號後要去新增使用者,之後連線的url中的dbuser是你之後新增的使用者名稱跟密碼,不是輸入帳號
先使用npm 安裝
npm install mongodb
var mongo = require('mongodb');
var Server = mongo.Server;
var Db = mongo.Db;
設定server及資料庫
var server = new Server('ds013898.mlab.com',13898, {auto_reconnect : true});
var db = new Db('forclass', server);
填入database中user帳號及密碼(不是MongoLab的登入帳密)
db.open(function(err, client) {
client.authenticate('forclass1', 'test123', function(err, success) {
if(success){
console.log("connect success")
}else{
console.log("client.authenticate error")
};
});
});
完成後如下,啟動server後如在terminal中出現connect success 即表示成功連線
var express = require('express');
////
var mongo = require('mongodb');
var Server = mongo.Server;
var Db = mongo.Db;
var server = new Server('ds013898.mlab.com',13898, {auto_reconnect : true});
var db = new Db('forclass', server);
db.open(function(err, client) {
client.authenticate('forclass1', 'test123', function(err, success) {
if(success){
console.log("connect success")
}else{
console.log("client.authenticate error")
};
});
});
////
var app = express();
app.listen(8080);
開始操作資料庫
Relation DataBase MongoDB
------------------------------------------------------------
資料庫(Database) DataBase
資料表(Table) Collection
資料(Record/Row) Document
欄位(Column) Field
主索引(PK) _id
function function ( )
stored procedure mapreduce
1.先根據官方範例在MongoLab引入一個範例collection名為apple,而裡面的document如下
{
"address": {
"building": "1007",
"coord": [ -73.856077, 40.848447 ],
"street": "Morris Park Ave",
"zipcode": "10462"
},
"borough": "Bronx",
"cuisine": "Bakery",
"grades": [
{ "date": { "$date": 1393804800000 }, "grade": "A", "score": 2 },
{ "date": { "$date": 1378857600000 }, "grade": "A", "score": 6 },
{ "date": { "$date": 1358985600000 }, "grade": "A", "score": 10 },
{ "date": { "$date": 1322006400000 }, "grade": "A", "score": 9 },
{ "date": { "$date": 1299715200000 }, "grade": "B", "score": 14 }
],
"name": "Morris Park Bake Shop",
"restaurant_id": "30075445"
}
{
"address": {
"building": "1007",
"coord": [ -73.856077, 40.848447 ],
"street": "Morris Park Ave",
"zipcode": "10462"
},
"borough": "test1",
"cuisine": "banana",
"grades": [
{ "date": { "$date": 1393804800000 }, "grade": "A", "score": 2 },
{ "date": { "$date": 1378857600000 }, "grade": "A", "score": 6 },
{ "date": { "$date": 1358985600000 }, "grade": "A", "score": 10 },
{ "date": { "$date": 1322006400000 }, "grade": "A", "score": 9 },
{ "date": { "$date": 1299715200000 }, "grade": "B", "score": 14 }
],
"name": "apple Shop",
"restaurant_id": "12345"
}
接著回到index.js將code改成如下,應可看到query 出整個collection內容
var express = require('express');
////
var mongo = require('mongodb');
var Server = mongo.Server;
var Db = mongo.Db;
var server = new Server('ds013898.mlab.com',13898, {auto_reconnect : true});
var db = new Db('forclass', server);
db.open(function(err, client) {
client.authenticate('forclass1', 'test123', function(err, success) {
if(success){
console.log("connect success")
var cursor = db.collection('apple').find();
cursor.each(function(err, doc) {
console.log(doc);
db.close();
});
}else{
console.log("client.authenticate error")
};
});
});
////
var app = express();
app.listen(8080);
2.如果在find(),裡面放入參數,會query出所有符合的document
var cursor = db.collection('apple').find({ "borough": "Bronx" });
舉例: 假設有個inventory collection裡面有三個資料`
{ _id: 5, type: "food", item: "aaa", ratings: [ 5, 8, 9 ] }
{ _id: 6, type: "food", item: "bbb", ratings: [ 5, 9 ] }
{ _id: 7, type: "food", item: "ccc", ratings: [ 9, 5, 8 ] }
執行 db.inventory.find( { ratings: [ 5, 8, 9 ] } )
將返回
{ "_id" : 5, "type" : "food", "item" : "aaa", "ratings" : [ 5, 8, 9 ] }
移除document
var cursor = db.collection('apple').remove({});
新增document
var cursor = db.collection('apple').insert({
title: 'web課程',
description: 'test ',
by: 'eason',
url: 'hi',
tags: ['hello'],
likes: 200
});
運用operator
以下參考至http://www.runoob.com/mongodb/mongodb-operators.html
先輸入三組document
db.open(function(err, client) {
client.authenticate('forclass1', 'test123', function(err, success) {
if(success){
console.log("connect success")
db.collection('apple').insert({
title: 'web課程',
description: 'test ',
by: 'eason',
url: 'hi',
tags: ['hello'],
likes: 50
});
db.collection('apple').insert({
title: 'web課程',
description: 'test ',
by: 'eason',
url: ['hi'],
tags: 'hello',
likes: 100
});
db.collection('apple').insert({
title: 'web課程',
description: 'test ',
by: 'eason',
url: true,
tags: ['hello'],
likes: 200
});
}else{
console.log("client.authenticate error")
};
});
});
接著改成查詢的code如下
db.open(function(err, client) {
client.authenticate('forclass1', 'test123', function(err, success) {
if(success){
console.log("connect success")
var cursor = db.collection('apple').find({likes : {$gt : 100}});
cursor.each(function(err, doc) {
console.log(doc);
db.close();
});
}else{
console.log("client.authenticate error")
};
});
});
$gt代表大於
$lt代表小於
$gte大於等於
$lte小於等於
使用type操作
db.open(function(err, client) {
client.authenticate('forclass1', 'test123', function(err, success) {
if(success){
console.log("connect success")
var cursor = db.collection('apple').find({url : {$type : 8}});
cursor.each(function(err, doc) {
console.log(doc);
db.close();
});
}else{
console.log("client.authenticate error")
};
});
});
type的值,數字對照表
Double 1
String 2
Object 3
Array 4
Binary data 5
Object id 7
Boolean 8
Date 9
Null 10
Regular Expression 11
JavaScript 13
Symbol 14
JavaScript (with scope) 15
32-bit integer 16
Timestamp 17
64-bit integer 18
使用limit()
如果為參數1代表讀到一個document,如果為五代表讀前五個document
var cursor = db.collection('apple').find().limit(1);
使用skip()
與limit相反,跳過skip參數個document,都是從前面往後數
var cursor = db.collection('apple').find().skip(2);
使用sort()
根據name的值去排列,而不是根據document的index順序
var cursor = db.collection('apple').find().sort({"likes":-1})
比較這兩個Find()
var cursor = db.collection('apple').find({},{likes:1, _id: 0});
var cursor = db.collection('apple').find({likes : {$gt : 100}},{likes:1, _id: 0});
發現find()的第一個參數代表:我們要從哪個地方去找東西
第二個參數代表:從那個地方要找那些東西出來
第二個參數中物件的值只有0和1,指定其他數和指定1的效果相同,0為不顯示
參考至:
中文:
http://calvert.logdown.com/posts/159792-sql-to-mongodb-mapping-chart
英文:官方doc:
英文:官方github.io:
http://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/2.0/api/Collection.html#findOne
如果是下載到local端啟用
1.先到你的Mongo資料庫下bin的外面創建資料夾
2.cd到bin裡面把路徑複製
3.使用admin開起cmd在cd到剛複製的路徑
4.執行mongod --dbpath ../資料夾名稱/
5.即可使用robomongo連線
1.建造database
use 資料庫名稱 //如不存在即會創建新的
ps:用Robomongo執行以上指令如發現沒出現,需要點選新連線,才會出現
2.建造collection
db.createCollection("apple")
Node.js 連接
var MongoClient = require('mongodb').MongoClient
, assert = require('assert');
// Connection URL
var url = 'mongodb://localhost:27017/myproject';
// Use connect method to connect to the Server
MongoClient.connect(url, function(err, db) {
assert.equal(null, err);
console.log("Connected correctly to server");
db.close();
});
Mongo有新增的連接方法,參考下面文章
主要是寫關於require('mongodb').Db和require('mongodb').MongoClient的區別 (其告知MongoClient為較新的方法,推薦使用)
http://mongodb.github.io/node-mongodb-native/driver-articles/mongoclient.html
使用Mongoose
mongoose query 的物件沒辦法直接修改,要用 lean() 後才可修改,且 lean 可增加許多 query 效能
https://stackoverflow.com/a/68553745/4622645
如出現連線字串後加入/<db name> 出現 auth error 請參考以下模板連線方式:
https://github.com/EasonWang01/Nodejs-server-API-boilerplate
介紹
Schema : 描述數據結構
Model : 由Schema生成的模型
Entity : 由Model創建的實體
開始使用
1.
var mongoose = require('mongoose');
mongoose.connect('mongodb://user:pass@host:port/dbs');
(可點選mLab的tools標籤,看相關連線資料) 如何抓取連線時的錯誤
mongoose.connect('mongodb://forclass1:test123@ds013898.mlab.com:13898/forclass',function(err){
if(err){throw err};
});
如何抓取正確連線到資料庫的訊息
db.once('open', function() {
console.log("connect mongo")
});
如何抓取連線後執行時的錯誤
db.on('error', console.error.bind(console, 'connection error:'));
完整
var mongoose = require("mongoose");
mongoose.connect('mongodb://forclass1:test123@ds013898.mlab.com:13898/forclass',function(err){
if(err){throw err};
});
var db = mongoose.connection;
db.on('error', console.error.bind(console, 'connection error:'));
db.once('open', function() {
console.log("connect mongo")
});
(存入資料時如collection名稱不存在則會自動建立)
2.
定義model(這裡省略先定義schema,直接定義在MODEL內)
第一個參數為collection的名稱
var Cat = mongoose.model('Cat', {
name: String,
friends: [String],
age: Number,
});
3.存入資料(產生實體)
var kitty = new Cat({ name: 'Zildjian', friends: ['tom', 'jerry']});
kitty.age = 3;
4.使用save才真的存入
kitty.save(function (err) {
if (err) // ...
console.log('meow');
});
ps:如果存入資料的欄位不在schema內則不會存入
ps:如省略某些欄位沒寫,則不會顯示,亦可正常存入
var mongoose = require('mongoose');
mongoose.connect('mongodb://forclass1:test123@ds013898.mlab.com:13898/forclass');
var db = mongoose.connection;
db.on('error', console.error.bind(console, 'connection error:'));
db.once('open', function() {
console.log("connect");
});
var Cat = mongoose.model('Cat', {
name: String,
friends: [String],
age: Number,
});
var kitty = new Cat({ name: 'Zildjian', friends: ['tom', 'jerry']});
kitty.age = 3;
//使用save方法後才會存入
kitty.save(function (err) {
if (err) // ...
console.log('meow');
});
使用Promise
var User = mongoose.model('ac', new mongoose.Schema({
name:{type: String, unique: true},
password:String
}));
var list = new User({name:"s", password:"123456"});
list.save()
.then(a => console.log(a))
.catch(err => console.log(err));
注意:記得res.end回傳資料要先JSON.stringify
JSON.stringify
查詢資料
var Cat = mongoose.model('Cat', {
name: String,
friends: [String],
age: Number,
});
Cat.find({},function(err,doc){
console.log(doc);
});
得知必須使用先前定義好Model才能查找
但如果改成下面呢?
var Cat = mongoose.model('Cat', {});
Cat.find({},function(err,doc){
console.log(doc);
});
發現一樣可查找,而上面的例子我們將Schema留空,於是我們知道,可以只提供collection的參數即可,後面Schema參數如果不寫會報錯,但其可接受空的物件當參數。
其他查找方法和原生相似
Cat.find({},{_id:1},function(err,doc){
console.log(doc);
});
find()
1.第一個參數為要搜尋哪些document
2.第二個參數為要顯示document內的那些資料(1代表要,0代表不要)
3.第三個參數為一個function(err,doc) ,讀取到的資料會顯示在doc這
var find = Cat.find({},{time:1,_id:0},function(err,doc){
res.render("home",{text:doc});
});
我們也可先定義Schema在把他compile到model內
var kittySchema = mongoose.Schema({
name: String
});
var Kitten = mongoose.model('cats', kittySchema);
這樣和上面直接將schema在model內定義是相同的,不同之處在於有了例外定義的Schema,我們可以幫Schema指定方法
但記得使用methods函式指定方法的話,要放在model實例化之前
kittySchema.methods.speak = function () {
var greeting = this.name
? "Meow name is " + this.name
: "I don't have a name";
console.log(greeting);
}
完整版
var mongoose = require('mongoose');
mongoose.connect('mongodb://forclass1:test123@ds013898.mlab.com:13898/forclass');
var db = mongoose.connection;
db.on('error', console.error.bind(console, 'connection error:'));
db.once('open', function() {
console.log("connect");
});
var kittySchema = mongoose.Schema({
name: String
});
kittySchema.methods.speak = function () {
var greeting = this.name
? "Meow name is " + this.name
: "I don't have a name";
console.log(greeting);
}
//////////method要定義在model實例化之前
var Kitten = mongoose.model('cats', kittySchema);
var fluffy = new Kitten({ name: 'fluffy' });
fluffy.speak(); // "Meow name is fluffy"
Last updated
Was this helpful?